Biomass burning plays a significant role in both Earth’s system and human society. The ramifications of these fires are manifold. Directly, they result in human casualties and property damages. Indirectly, they degrade soil, water quality, and impair air quality due to the release of particles and trace gases. These emissions, including black carbon, disrupt Earth's radiative balance, thereby influencing climate change.

Biomass burning displays varied characteristics based on its combustion temperature. High-temperature combustion typically results in a flaming phase, producing significant CO2 emissions. However, as temperatures decrease, wildfires transition to a smoldering phase with reduced oxygen, leading to heightened CO emissions. Among the parameters used to describe the combustion phase, the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) has been identified as particularly effective in aligning with combustion phases. This parameter is pivotal in determining emissions for chemical transport models used in air quality and climate change studies. While many fire emission inventories default to a constant MCE, yielding static emission factors (EF) for different species, employing a dynamic MCE could enhance the accuracy of fire modeling.